US Military Explores 'Multi-Domain' Warfare, Critics Question Feasibility
The US military is exploring new operational concepts to gain an edge in modern warfare. Central to this is the idea of 'multi-domain operations', which seeks to overwhelm opponents by integrating actions across various domains. However, experts like Michael Kofman question the feasibility of these strategies against major adversaries like Russia and China.
Multi-domain operations, a key part of the US Army's Unified Land Operations, aims to create 'overmatch' by combining actions across domains like land, air, sea, space, and cyberspace. The goal is to paralyze opponents, making them unable to react or act effectively due to the simultaneous and complex nature of these operations.
Critics argue that this approach relies on the assumption that adversaries are using outdated command-and-control processes. Moreover, basic operational questions remain unanswered, such as how logistics will cope with a distributed force in contested environments.
Russia's military strategy, known as 'active defense', aims to draw the USA into a war of attrition. Instead of trying to paralyze opponents, Russia seeks to shape the cognitive space, favoring its own course of action. Historically, high levels of attrition have been a common feature of warfare, making psychological paralysis less likely.
Michael Kofman, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, argues that expecting paralysis or functional defeat can serve as an 'intellectual alibi' rather than a serious way to approach wars with major powers. He suggests that these strategies may not be effective against well-equipped and prepared adversaries.
The US military's exploration of multi-domain operations and the Russian military's active defense strategy highlight the complex nature of modern warfare. While these concepts aim to gain an advantage, experts like Michael Kofman caution against overestimating their effectiveness against major adversaries. The future of warfare will likely require adaptable and innovative strategies to counter evolving threats.
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